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April 06 Algebra and SpiritualityIt may be thought that Algebra has little similarity to spirituality; however, if we consider it more closely they have much in common. Algebra uses letters to represent actions and numbers; it is a system of representation and in a sense, symbolism. This is also the case with spirituality, which uses symbols to stand for realities and uses images to represent things that cannot be easily imagined or explained. Accordingly, it is important to realize the difference between the representational letter and the thing that is represented, between the essence and the form. Only by removing religious iconography from the realm of the emotions and appreciating it as a symbolic system, as a form of divine algebra, can we really understand the nature of all spiritual beliefs.
To give an example, while all Gnostic traditions agree on the universe being in some sense dualistic, some Gnostic schools have two Gods -- one the Essence behind all things, the other a Demiurge or false creators; others see the dualism as relative and only existing between man’s perception (ignorance) and the truth. While all of these “representational” systems are different, their essential message is the same. The aim of using Algebra according to the Arabs was to have a better understanding of the real nature of the equation, to find the essential form through the many shards or forms. This too is the vision of a true believer; the Arabic notion of Algebra is pregnant with meaning -- the reunion of broken parts. June 16 《论语》学而篇第一当我把恺撒大叔用拉丁语写的《高卢战记》中的一段话翻译成古代汉语时,我就有种愿望把我祖先孔子的《论语》的一些话翻译成古希腊语。
《论语》学而篇第一 Analects of Confucius, Chapter 1-1
Chinese: 子曰:学而时习之,不亦说乎?有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎?
English: The Master said, "To study and frequently practice what has been learnt, is that not a pleasure? To have friends come from distant places, is that not a happy event? One who shows no displeasure when not understood by other people, is he not a noble person?"
Classical Greek: διδασκᾶλος ό ἔλεγον, ἆρα ἆρεστός τό μανθᾶνειν καί πολλᾶκις άσκεῖν ὃν έμάνθαντο; ἆπα καλός τό ἔχειν ξένους άπο αλλότπιου; ὃστις μή μανθανόμεντου, δεικνύντος ούκ όργης, καλός. May 17 A Reflection
Professor William D. White once noted that “fundamental openness to challenges and change matters in the long run.” To him, emotion is controlled, reason flourishes and intellect dominates everything. Though he tends to discourage working with inspiration and passion, I would largely agree with him that it is intellectual maturity thriving on experience and wisdom that needs to be sought after. I believe that it is through reading and intellectual immersion, rather than through college or any institution, that a person at last acquires a “liberal education” and grows from an animal into a human being capable of seeking truth and creating beauty.
Today we think a man is educated if he can read the newspaper morning, noon and night; but though our colleges turn out graduates like so many standardized Fords every year, there is a visible dearth of real culture of our life. No wonder that some economists have questioned the use of a college education. This is pessimism exaggerated to make a point; but it is well that some people should check us up in our notion that the multiplication of schools and graduates can make us an intelligent people.
Our schools and colleges have suffered severely from Spencer’s conception of education as the adjustment of the individual to his environment; it was a dead, mechanical definition, drawn from a mechanistic philosophy, and distasteful to every creative spirit. The result has been the conquest of our schools by mechanical and theoretical science, to the comparative exclusion of such “useless” subjects as literature, history, philosophy and art. So we make good analysts, good clerks, and good technicians, who, when their workday is over, devour the pictorial press and crowd into theatres that show them forever the same love-scenes on the screen and the same anatomy on the stage.
This mechanical and “practical” education produces partial, not total, men; it subordinates civilization to industry, biology to physics, taste and manners to wealth. But education should make a man complete; it should develop every creative power in him, and open his mind to all the enjoyable and instructive aspects of the world. A man who is heavy with millions, but to whom Beethoven or Corot or Hardy, or the glow of the autumn woods in the setting sun, is only sound and color signifying nothing, is merely the raw material of a man; half the world is closed to the blurred windows of his spirit. An education that is purely scientific makes a mere tool of its product; it leaves him a stranger to beauty, and gives him powers that are divorced from wisdom. It would have been better for the world if Spencer had never written on education.
It is well that Latin and Greek are passing from our colleges, for they consumed a hundred times more effort than they were worth. As Heine said “They Romans could not have had much time left to conquer the world if they had first had to learn Latin.” But though the languages of Greece and Rome are necessary only to philologists, the literature of these nations is almost indispensable to education. A man may conceivably ignore Virgil and Horace, Lucretius and Cicero, Tacitus and Marcus Aurelius, and still become mature; but of all possible instruments of education in our world, none is so fine and sure as a study of Greek life in all the varied scope of its democracy and imperialism, its oratory and drama, its poetry and history, its architecture and sculpture, its science and philosophy. Let a student absorb the life and letters of the Periclean age, the Renaissance, and the Enlightenment, and he will have a better education than any college can offer. Education does not mean that we have become certified experts in banking, or engineering, or journalism, or epistemology; it means that through the absorption of the moral, intellectual and esthetic inheritance of our race, we have come to understand and control ourselves as well as the external world; that we have learned to add courtesy to culture, wisdom to knowledge, and forgiveness to understanding. When will our colleges create such men? March 22 回复好友的一封信在我看来一个有价值的生命需要做到这两件事情中至少一件:自我的精神解放和服务于人类。 我们每个人,灵魂就像在一间漆黑无比的屋子里,从婴儿啼哭那一刻,我们就已经开始不断的去探索,去理解,去发现,然而我们在很大程度上被各种本能欲望所束缚着——我们每天必须花一个相当比例的时间,来收集和制作食物以喂饱自己,以及满足其它的本能欲望,我们还会摔倒,会挣扎,会有各种难过和消极的想法。我们很多人最终发现,只有臣服于世俗带给我们的枷锁,循规蹈矩的去符合各种条条框框,摔倒和痛苦的可能性才能降到更低,于是渐渐变得平庸,失去了热情和理想。可他们永远不理解的是,对于一个勇敢的思维开放的人,他每一次在失败中重新站起来,都给自己注入了全新的力量和生命的活力。这些杰出的、敢于探索的勇士们和天才们,在逆境中克服着传统保守的压制,创造着一次又一次的奇迹。
年轻人争强好胜,爱慕虚荣是本性,重要的是他们在思维本质上有没有积极迎接挑战和改变的勇气。 如果他们有这样的勇气,各种经验的积累会让他们在思想和人性上逐渐有本质的改变。人的未来是很难预测的,但我相信智慧和经验能够渐渐拆除一个人固有的思维桎梏。我同意你—我们应该全身心拥抱真理,但我并不认为我们要征服世界。我只是爱这个世界,并全心服务与她。若把征服定义为对权力和金钱的追求,显然成熟的智慧不一定能够鼓胀我们的钱包,亦不会把我们抬到显著的政治地位,甚至会让我们不去太关心权钱或声望,可是如果我们拼命塞满我们的钱包,攀爬耀眼的地位,对世界的攫取远远大于我们对世界的付出,同时却保持着幼稚的愚蠢,粗鄙的大脑,残忍的行为,多变的性格,混乱的欲望和盲目的痛苦,这除了满足那可悲而幼稚的恐惧感外,又有什么意义?而如果诗歌和艺术能够让我们的双眼去发现美,历史和哲学能够让我们掌握爱和宽容的智慧,这对你我来说已经足够了,这比整个世界的财富和权力更丰富。而若上帝用财富或权力作为我们全心追求智慧和真理的测试,那时的我们只会用它们更好的服务于人类,不是吗?少数睿智的人成熟的早,很多人在三十至五十岁逐渐变得成熟,而有些人则一辈子没有成熟。所以我认为智慧是年龄的礼物,让我们理解各种事物,理解他们为什么在各自的位置上,以及理解每一个部分与整体的关系,最终或许会达到一个境界,在那里,爱是最高的智慧,理解原谅着一切。如果死亡是对生命的测试,智慧能够告诉我们腐败仅仅只是发生在局部,而当我们必须面对死亡时,生活本身却是不朽的。
设想一个七十岁的老者,他穷尽一生,承受了各种痛苦并作出了巨大的努力,他的大脑成了一个塞满了知识和经验的仓库,一个智慧的中心掌握着各种思想和行为中那些细微与敏感。他的灵魂通过挣扎学会了谦虚和温和,正如他的大脑懂得了什么是理解和原谅。七十年来,他从一个需要被人特殊照顾的小动物转变为一个成熟的男人,具备了去探索真理和创造美与艺术的能力。但是渐渐的,死亡接近了他,毒害着他,使他呼吸困难,凝结着他的血液,抓握着他的心脏,爆裂着他的大脑,封锁着他的咽喉。在半夜,死亡咧嘴露出了他的獠牙和胜利的笑容。
很快,从他去世的那阴暗的房间望去,窗外,鸟儿在绿色的树枝上喋喋不休,公鸡鸣唱着他对太阳的颂歌。光明滑过大地,花蕾逐渐绽开着,茎干自豪地撑起他们的头部,树液从雄壮的树干中流出。我们看见了顽皮的小孩子们,是什么使他们如此的快乐,在尚挂着露珠的青草地上忘情的奔跑、欢笑、叫喊、追逐、躲闪、喘息而永不知疲倦?这是何等的能量、何等的精神,何等的快乐?他们又何须关心什么是死亡?未来的几十年,他们会学习,会成长,会爱,会挣扎,会创造,并且在死前把他们的生活提升地更多。当他们走过这个过程时,他们会用子女来欺骗死亡,用父母的关怀使他们的下一代成长地比他们更加美好。 夜里,情侣们在公园微弱的月光下,忘记了世界,思考着他们自己。他们轻轻的言谈伴随着昆虫们求偶的低语,那古老的真理在他们诚挚的渴望,下垂的眼睑,和亲吻的双唇中又一次得到了述说:胜利永远属于生命。 January 05 A Dialogue
Christians: Jews say “hate the sin, punish the sinner.” We say “hate the sin, love the sinner.” Me: I say nothing; I forgive the sin, love the sinner.
Christians: Holy Cross is based on gospel in New Testament, a symbol of Christianity. Me: Holy Cross is based on historical Jesus; to me it is always a reminder of self-sacrifice.
Christians: Liturgy mediates divine grace—a holy mystery. Me: Liturgy is an earthly means serving for fundamentalism’s survival.
Christians: Cult is heresy. Me: Cult is a religion without political power.
Christians: We have no doubt in our faith. Me: A man without doubt is a machine, pure mechanism of society.
Christians: Salvation is by faith through Jesus alone. He who believes not in Jesus goes to hell. Me: Insecurity is mother of greed as cruelty is child of fear; faith (to Christians) is mother of good work, but Salvation is not child of any criteria. It is on individual basis.
Christians: If Socrates doesn’t believe in Christianity, he will not be saved. Me: Then, I would rather be a servant of Socrates in hell than go to heaven.
Me: Bible is a history book full of incorrectness, conditioned to its historical context, and only has value in so far as it can inspire our youth. Me: Sin is the turning away point from wisdom of love and forgiveness to fundamentalism and ignorance. Me: Whoever advocates any sort of fundamentalism or spreads ignorance is doing devil’s work. Me: To formalize an exclusive path of salvation is ignorant and defiant to God’s mercy and wisdom, and is ignorantly unaware doing devil’s work. Me: Whatever contradictory to love and forgiveness in your interpretations of Christianity is false.
Christians: Blasphemy! Heretic! Me: A Christian, always, receives education from Jesus, directly. December 25 An Anatomical Synthesis of Western PhilosophyEnd of Semester Criticisms and Syntheses I: An Anatomical Synthesis of Western Philosophy
Introduction Western traditions are not simply dominant in our past but are fundamental stimulating momentum in the present. Close examinations over great books in Western philosophy provides thought-provoking, analytical relations between texts and contexts, but if we treat Western philosophy as a whole, we would find such a wonderful intelligent design of this tradition is by no means segments or pieces of the past, nor a sum of chemical conglomeration, but a living creature, organically coherent, thoroughly organized and vigorously dynamic.
An Anatomical Synthesis of Western Philosophy
Western philosophy is a blend of two characteristic scenes tracing back their roots in two cities that generated them—Athens and Jerusalem. Western monotheism and its entailments—fideist submission, mystic ecstasy, dogmatic scripturalism—along with the assumptions as equality of all souls under the sight of God are ultimately derived from canonical holy texts supplied by Jerusalem, while Athens is the city of inquiry, hubris, and emancipation, supplying the critical and self-critical spirit, animating the Promethean and perhaps Faustian Western thought. It would be an exhilarating attempt to reprogram Western Philosophy through a total perspective by anatomically analyzing Western Tradition and to introduce our main character: Western spirit of intelligent design—Ms. West.
Representing the biblical tradition, Ms. West’s right leg is even today the strong one, because for most of Western history, Christianity meant respectability and power. Especially at the popular level, the thinking that set Western society in motion has typically been rooted in the Bible (e.g. the anti-slavery campaign, anti-abortion, anti-homosexuality, anti-moral relativism, anti-communism, etc). Although it is generally conservative, the religious tradition also underlies the reforming tendencies of the West. The left leg represents classical tradition. Intellectuals without strong religious allegiances tend to be on the “left” side of the body. The critical, questioning spirit of Socrates is the guiding light of this tradition. Would we really want philosophers to be king?
Syntheses of faith and reason, theology and philosophy, Jerusalem and Athens were fundamental to the culture of Christendom. When the two legs joint together and began forming the torso during the late Roman Empire in the fourth century AD, Western tradition reached a somewhat embarrassing union that embodied Plato’s republic when contemplatives were dragged back into the cave to rule (e.g. Pope Gregory I was dragged from a contemplative life to active life). The union was sometimes resisted, as Tertullian, an early Church Father and Christian writer put it, “what does Athens have to do with Jerusalem?” This is the time that philosophically sophisticated theologians tried to reconcile the fundamental truths in the Christian revelation with the theoretical insights and approaches of the classical philosophy. In the end, Tertullian, a stoic and opponent of Plato, found himself talking about God and the soul in materialist terms which the later Christian tradition firmly rejected. Other Church Fathers such as Augustine—also an opponent (and plagiarizer) of Plato, for the most part, expressed their biblical convictions in metaphysical terms, articulated key Christian beliefs such as the doctrines of Trinity, Predestination and Incarnation using the language of Greek philosophy. During the High Middle Ages, the Christian revival against the intermixture of classical paganism had characterized scholasticism and principled Protestant Reformation.
Finally, the whole torso (the Middle Ages) was formed, representing the era of Christendom during which the Church Fathers wanted both the story of the God in Jerusalem and the metaphysics of Athens to articulate their understanding of self, God, world and the universe (e.g. from St. Augustine to Thomas Aquinas), exposing the basic tension inherent in medieval Christianity between Jobean prudence and self-abnegation on the one hand and Greco-Roman humanism on the other. Also, serving as a connector between antiquity and modernity, the medieval Christendom when Constantine converted to Christianity is the “Dark Age”—the torso in which all the bloody organs are: they ugly ones we don’t want to see, the hidden ones we don’t know much about (e.g. we skip 800 years after Augustine because the knowledge of Greek classical cultures was lost), and the emotional ones we feel most strongly when we’re searching for something deeper than today’s reason.
But if Athens and Jerusalem are in our bloodstream (not just places we look at with our distant modern eyes), it is undeniable through our connection with the Middle Ages. The flowering of monasteries and universities in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries was breeding something new. But before that, Ms. West must suffer some pains as the West was in trouble with plagues and other problems in fourteenth-century (The “High Middle Ages”).
Ms. West equipped with arms. The left arm represents the Renaissance reclamation of the power of classical humanism, but Renaissance thinkers don’t cease being Christian. The right arm represents the Protestant Reformation’s reclaiming of the power of the biblical word, but Reformation thinkers don’t cease thinking of God in the philosophical categories of antiquity.
Ms. West’s head represents modernity, where we look at the rest of the body, which can be thought of as the spirit of freedom from authority—especially religious authority: “no one can tell me what to believe” is a truism in modernity, a piece of foolishness in the Middle Ages run by clerics whose job was to teach people what to believe. It is Christendom secularized, as dependent on Christendom as the head is on the body. In modernity, reason and faith start to resemble antagonists rather than partners: reason becomes critical of faith and faith (beginning with Descartes) comes to seem a flight form rationality. Faith, stripped of its medieval authority, becomes a private matter in modernity. It is also “a matter of the heart” in the sense that it involves (for moderns rather than medievals) a flight from reason into emotion (mysticism, fideism, and so on).
Ms. West also has a bother—the Greek speaking Eastern Orthodoxy in Byzantium, the origin of Greek and Russian orthodox churches; she also has a black sheep—Islam as preserver of the classics, and an older forgotten brother, the Jews, who never appear after the right foot—the Old Testament. Her silent sister is women, who seldom received education or legitimate power. We meet them only as abbesses or mystics.
Living together on the shore of a great strange sea still darkened with mythology and superstition, Ms. West and her family is gladly waiting for deeper contacts and perhaps critical mutual examinations with her East neighbor, a handsome young man called Mr. Orientalis Magnus, who refer himself as dragon descendent. Will they fall in love with each other and agree to explore the sea together where happy isles may lie beyond? If Bacon’s ghost should reveal in dreams and plot their problems and foretell their future, who would believe him? Maybe centuries later their brilliant child who shall be named Mr. Civitas Humanus II, who, equipped with his parents’ old philosophy and new magic (science), shall bravely venture forth, tapping the depth of the ocean, or perhaps even meeting intelligent beings in the universe once chattered by his parents during summer nights under the winds and clouds of prejudices and ignorance… December 09 Response to the Vandalism Case at Columbia & Reflections on Christian MoralityResponse to the Vandalism Case at Columbia & Reflections on Christian Morality
I was the only one who dared to stand alone in front of the whole university speaking for two students arrested by NYPD for E felony. They were charged with criminal mischief as a hate crime: They defaced the suite hallway walls of a Ruggles dormitory suite with racist epithets, anti-Semitic, anti-Christianity imagery, and homophobic slurs.
This is the transcript of the speech: ------- My name is Lingxi Kong, an international student from China. First of all, I feel very sorry for the victims suffered from the incident, and I sincerely wish them to recover soon. However, I would like to address some basic facts without ideological hostilities: The visibility of the incident is minimal; it is limited to a tiny place. And the two students were arrested and will be subjected to due process of law. So I was wondering if it is really a good idea for the school or the Columbia Spectator to reveal their names to the public. The spectator should have expected that revealing their names will deflect public anger on them, making them suffer from multiple punishments. They may be expelled from school; they will not have friends; people will hate them. Just now, some of you clearly told to the public about their appearance, their habits, even their private information such as major, I am sorry but I must speak here that this is equally unacceptable.
What is the most important sentence in the Bible? “Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.” Those of you Christians and Jews who make statements and condemn the two students just now, not only subconsciously define yourselves as victims eagerly wanting to raise popular anger against the two kids, but your statements also show an appalling lack of understanding for the ethics of Christ. I believe that what we should discuss today is not condemnation, nor how to curtail people’s freedom of speech, but we should seek how to help the two students, how to transform them, how to love them. The two students may be expelled from the school; I think what we should do now is to write a petition to the authorities for giving them a second chance, and sign our names together in the hope that, by God’s grace, our understanding, magnanimity and forgiveness would cure the wounds, and make real positive impact over our interdependent community.
As a Christian, I stand here, perhaps alone, not to defend the racists, or the felony, but to defend my conscience, to share my understanding of the ethics of Christ—to love not to retaliate. I believe that there is no gray place in Conscience—Everything, or Nothing.
Thank you. --------
I thought that making their private information such as major (and other things that has nothing to do with the issue) to the public is not only wrong, but virtually forces them to receive lasting, multiple punishments. It was against the fundamental principles of our legal system. Calling them criminals is also unconstitutional as they are not yet proved guilty by the court. They are not criminals, but two boys went astray who really need our love, care and help.
Unfortunately, it made me wonder again how some Christians who make boast of professing the humanity of Christianity daily should have such intolerant opinions, and display such an appalling lack of empathy for the ethics of Christ, that is, rather than the virtues which they profess, is the readiest criterion of their faith.
I was almost the last person to speak, in order to listen as much as possible what people thought on the issue; but I was disappointed to witness that none had spoken anything resembling to forgiveness, solution, or help. We are being educated to love, to forgive, but never to retaliate and hate. I was told to speak the truth and conscience—always, even if it leads to death.
It encouraged me much to receive sincere handshaking from several people when the event was over.
----------
Dear Journalist from the Spectator,
It was good of you to take time out from literally a universe of matters and to send a word of explanation to an individual on his getting one day closer to the Judgment Day.
Last night, my conscience told me that something must be said, but I must confess that the purpose of spreading my opinion to relevant people (spectator) and my private friends was not for publishing but just to voice my thoughts and comments on the issue. Therefore adjusting myself to write in a specific genre was not considered at all in speaking the truth and conscience.
Those students representing student groups/organizations had made their statements in which diplomatic (if not hypercritical) words flooded and suffocated the real elements of our old verities and truths lacking which any civilization is ephemeral and doomed: love, honor, pity, compassion, forgiveness, and sacrifice. I heard nothing resembling to love or forgiveness in the entire event. The Christian leader whose name I dare not to memorize, who made a statement on behalf of the Intervarsity Christian Fellowship, spoke to me and Rajiv after the event, undiscourageably assuming me toward an antagonistic position, insinuating me as one of the "some Christians" whom people dislike, and passionately, nastily telling us that “we condemn not them, but their deeds!”. I was too exhausted to ask him the difference between “God damn the heretics” and “God damn the people’s heretic belief”, for these people playing verbal tricks not only show their emptiness of religious hostilities—a reclothed totalitarian ideology under the dissimulation of political/religious correctness eagerly wanting to deflect popular anger against an assumed target, but also display an appalling lack of empathy for the ethics of Christ. For a Christian who professes that Jesus Christ is the messiah, it should be a shame to speak the word “condemnation” so passionately under the presumption that the two kids should deserve whatever outcome. I was shameful to be these people’s audience yesterday. What man of compassion would not blush at that presence and not prefer to hide his head under a jacket? Under the jacket, without doing anything else, at least he has something inkling of a human’s face. I dared not to imagine, in his empyrean of philosophy, if there would be any propensity for hecatomb?
Being seasoned as a student in history and philosophy, I am not being trained to create an assumption based on my empirical synthesis. I did randomly hear at least five individuals calling them criminals, and everyone of us heard Mr. Brown’s major and other private information. The choleric outrageousness, feverish ignorance of law and phlegmatic trample on human dignity that people behaved are exactly the things that I am fundamentally arguing against. It would be perfectly OK for narrow-minded, self-gnawing souls to choose spreading his anger rather than speaking magnanimity, or for cunning, shifting souls to choose being neutral rather than speaking conscience, but please do not label themselves as Christian, for Christ’s sake.
Thanks and regards.
Lingxi Kong An international student from Communist China
------------------------ Reflection on Christian morality:
Suppose a person kills another person's parents, rapes his wife and kills her and her children, but after reading philosophy (if not theology) the killer finally understands, really repents and is ready to receive whatever punishment. If the victim, the only survivor, is empowered to make any decision, what would he do if he were a Christian? A false Christian says that the killer deserves punishment; but a true Christian would let him go, giving him sufficient property and sincere wishes for restarting anew his blissful life. If he repents not, a true Christian prays to God to forgive him and tells him God's grace, for he does not yet know his sins. This, rather than condemnation, is the readiest criterion of our faith as Christians. Listen to me, friend, there is simply no place for condemnation in a Christian's heart. He never condemns; he understands, and forgives.
A Christian faces danger and seeks responsibility; he speaks truth, always, even it leads him to death. He knows that the date on which he must die is too trivial a chronological detail to disturb philosophy or theology, but if he dies not, he will be strengthened, lifted up nearer to nobility and his heaven of conscience. Make or break. Everything, or nothing.
When I discovered that most people in Christian Intervarsity Fellowship are either unreligious or religious fundamentalists with a closed mindset, I ceased to attend their meetings and stopped talking theology/philosophy with them. I found that nothing is the most useful thing in the world; it is often a good thing to do, and always a good thing to say. It is better to listen to greatness than to dictate ignorance.
Inquiry is fatal to certainty. We are still on the shore of a great, strange sea, still darkened with mythology and superstition; we do not know its lanes and distances, nor what happy isles may lie beyond; but science and philosophy will venture forth, tacking the way about with trial and error against the winds and clouds of prejudice and ignorance… November 08 Poetry & PhilosophyIf poetry reveals to us the beauty our untaught eyes have missed, and philosophy gives us the wisdom to understand and forgive, it is enough, and more than the world’s wealth.
-------- Comment and critique on a discussion among overseas Chinese.
正如我们不应该鄙视那些想方设法来美国、想方设法留下来、申请绿卡、公民的中国人,我们也不应该鄙视在国内蜂拥考公务员和铁饭碗的学生和家长。
我们应该思考的是,站在历史和哲学的更高角度,作为世界历史几千年来一直是火车头的中国,社会中为什么会如此崇洋媚外,各种风气为何如此低俗,为何在社会活动的每一个层面都有极度严重的造假,无论是学术还是体育;为何基本的宗教活动和信仰自由遭到残酷的迫害,以及作为一个人最起码的独立思考和表达也必须披上官方的色彩?
他们也赞美大自然那赏心悦目的美丽景色和无穷无尽的丰富宝藏,他们也并不要求玫瑰花和紫罗兰散发着同样的芬芳,但他们为什么却要求世界上最丰富的东西——精神只能有一种存在形式呢?我是一个幽默的人,可是法律却指定我用严肃的笔调,我是一个激情的人,可是法律却指定我用谦逊的风格。没有色彩就是这种自由唯一许可的色彩。每一滴露水在太阳的照耀下都闪耀着无穷无尽的色彩,但是精神的太阳,无论它照耀着多少个个体,无论他照耀着什么事物,却只准产生一种色彩,那就是官方的色彩——灰色,可是大自然中却没有一只灰色的花朵。
难倒一个拥有正常思维能力的人不能理解一个基本的道理——国家对思想的控制越少,公民和国家双方获得的益处就越大?一个政府越是去竭力限制言论和思想的自由,就越会遭到顽强的抵制,抵制的人永远不是那些把“糟蹋祖国名声”的标签贴在真正爱国者身上的人——那些潜意识被灌输“中国就等于共产党(因此对任何政党的批判都等于对国家名声的亵渎)”的思想被彻底报废掉了的人,抵制的人实际上是从道德、教育和善行中获得较多自由的人——他们最难以忍受的是将他们视为真理的东西当成了违反法律的犯罪。他们坚信,如果只有行动才能作为刑事诉讼的证据,而言论始终可以自由,那么蛊惑人心的言辞反而会丧失辩护的力量。
dydx应该明白(也许他已经明白):当且仅当中国社会中有更多的人不断追求真理、真理、真理!,在与西方文明的学术交流和对话中重新衡量、批判性地重新审视、重新挖掘华夏文明自己博大精深的文化遗产时,也仅仅只有在那时,中国社会才真正有可能重新恢复文化上的强盛,蜕变成一个新的、充满自信和生气的社会。
一位关心中国的美国房地产商人曾经问我,现在在美国接受高等教育的中国学生回国后会给中国政府带来巨大的变化吗,我回答说:
Most of them changed their mindset little after spending years in the US. The minor importance these overseas Chinese would play to future China will be far outweighed by mass democratic grass-movement in the mainland itself. Born in cynicism and despair, many are damaged before coming to the US by the spirit-crushing propaganda that China will not change (in terms of political system). They will painfully adjust themselves with the transrational realities in future free China, but will be incompetent to meet the historical challenges, needless to say to direct the challenges unto a higher plateau meeting further challenges.
I do not expect them to reform the government before they reform human nature, or their own, until they fundamentally change their mindset by reading wider and thinking deeper. I draw this conclusion because I see the only real revolution not in wars or conflicts, but in the enlightenment of the mind and the improvement of character, the only real emancipation is individual, and the only real revolutionists are philosophers and saints. October 25 Love, Freedom and TruthA short piece of philosophical work viewing from lens of a devoted (yet unconventional) Christian, inventor and political activist, the author defines that Truth is a "pathless motioning wonderland" that any regularized study is hard to approach, and believes that Love is the key to freedom, through which real discovery of Truth and transrational Reality is possible.
Love, Freedom and Truth
I said that I will study history and philosophy to find out what man is --I gave up science because I felt that it was too external and mathematical; it was unreal to the element of vitality that I found in myself and other things. History is philosophy taught by examples. Philosophy is an attempt to achieve a wide perspective of life and reality—a large perspective which will then determine your attitude toward any part of reality or life; for example, will it make you more understanding and forgiving? Will it lead you to outgrow from fear and isolation, reaching freedom, truth and salvation?
Fear and isolation go ill together, whereas love and freedom are co-existent. Isolation inevitably leads to conflict; yet freedom is something entirely different. It implies intellectual wisdom, non-submission to authority, universal love and extraordinary virtue. It would come into being only when the mind is no longer seeking safety for oneself, either in tradition or in knowledge, when there is love in the heart. True freedom is the understanding of the whole, viewing from a larger perspective and penetrating through the nature of total existence.
For some people, their present way of living and psychological fear of insecurity has rejected freedom in every phase of their life; what they want is merely more acquisition, more security, to be assured of a job or a position, more epicurean entertainment or material contentment. They have little love, but sense of bitterness, fear of insecurity, and criticism of envy. Such people cannot create a new world. They are not intelligent. They are docile, submissive, and mediocre.
The beginning of freedom is to love the thing for itself without cause or purpose. Love is a thing that comes into being with continuous inquiry, constant discontent and inward revolt, when a person never follows authority, when he is without fear, when he has the capacity to make mistakes and form those mistakes to wholeheartedly seek the essence of Reality. It is only being free that one can well observe and discover; it is only in a state of spontaneity of love, where there is no compulsion, no immediate demand, no pressure of social influence, that the mind is capable to challenge life at every moment, to discover the truth and reality that every incident, that every thought, that every experience reveals.
The word truth is not sufficient, but most of us do not go beyond the verbal assertion of “respecting truth” and investigate what really lies behind it: Truth is a pathless motioning paradise. God lives in that pathless paradise of Truth, which cannot be approached by any formalized science, religion, philosophy, which only intuitive possibilities may approach but will never open to rational proof or disproof.
Love is the key to the very mental state of freedom--the peaceful enrapturement, in which there is nothing right or wrong; all things are endearing and marvelous, all events holy, all days sacred, all men divine. There is a sense of love that is not from anything, that has no cause, but that is a state of being free. I believe that being free and loving is the most creative state, in which real observation is possible. It is blessed by God's grace, with the discovery of the Truth, the transrational Reality, which emerges from the mystery of God the Holy Trinity in the pathless paradise.
October 25, 2005 New York September 28 NoneNone but a child will complain that our life has not offered us enough variety of change. I believe that the decline of any human activity comes not from any superstitious limitations of anything whatsoever, but through the failures of its participants to meet the challenges of change. In any case a challenge successfully met, if it does not exhaust the undertaker, raises the temper and level of the individual onto a higher plateau, and makes him abler to meet further challenges. He who does not understand that this simple outcome is obligatory and insusceptible of modification must forgo all desire to comprehend life. Here is the last words: When a thing is done, it is done.
August 08 Edited excerpts from my letter to William WhiteWill Durant said that there are two qualities that no philosophy or philosopher was complete without: understanding and forgiveness.
Edited excerpts from my letter to William White
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The three classes I chose for auditing were all dryly instructed by lecturers, not by professors. The only class I stick to was US Constitutional History, but the university kicked me out after three weeks because I was unable to pay. These days, I listen to the audio courses given by some of the most preeminent professors, and read philosophy, law and history. People can have access to those courses at my ftp website at http://lingxi.freechina.com, or columbia.cmule.com if they are in the Mainland. So in the future, you can save your time for tour-guiding students in Wangfujing Foreign Bookstore; just send the links and seriously ask them to take one course--I recommend the Natural Law, a great course very clearly articulated and well organized, given by Father Joseph Koterski, the editor-in-chief of the International Philosophical Quarterly and co-editor of the Fordham University Press Series in Moral Philosophy and Theology. The original price is 200 USD, but people can get it free from my ftp. My friend (who once was a dissident went to jail with a legendary story) offered the ftp space for me for free, which is worth thousands. No doubt, I am the only one in the world providing such a valuable free-service. I also uploaded two audio books read by the authors: Clinton's My Life, and Hilary's Living History. Clinton's life is very inspiring, but his voice might be too fast for young students to understand.
After one year's solitude, I began exploring the city during weekends with a few friends who are interning in investment banks in downtown Manhattan. We went to museums, bookstores and we had discussions about various matters. I found that their mindset is essentially the same with that of the students in the Mainland, although they spent more than three years in the US. So the discussions often became my lectures inculcating on political theories, social psychology and legal reasoning, from which I could savor the distinctions between dialoguing with experts and novices. As a Christian, I see no difference between God and the Truth. I thought of those people disliking me. If anyone, ignoring the fact that I spend at least 1.5 hours in average everyday on reading news and politics for the past five year, "hears your [my] point of view as stridently ideological and simple-minded", hence attacking both of my personality and ideas, it simply demonstrates that they lack fundamental respect to the truth with a damaged/closed mind: answering criticism by maliciously analyzing the motivations of the critic in terms of the theory itself. While I developed a fundamentally different mindset; I could recall when 11 years old, I wrote a poetic ultimatum spread over the entire grade, came to principle's office and resorted to a higher law to reject my teachers' authoritative/unjust punishment; people not only thought I was stridently ideological and simple-minded but also fatally stupid, crazy and insane. Every student was unjustly treated, but no one supported me; however, for the fear of being sent to court when my father intervened at a critical stage, the teachers receded, apologized, and I won at last. I considered that my recklessly courageous performance in the communist jails and uncompromised response to years of political oppression in China were merely echoes of that story. The potential of growth is the possible extent of changing mindset by reading wider and thinking deeper. From this sense, I see no wonderfulness from most of the students, especially those whose mindset changed LITTLE after spending years in the free society. I simply cannot imagine anyone who strongly favors dictatorship over China, however wonderful in your eyes and "well"-informed at Yale, should "have the potential to grow in stature" as to well perform a significant role in future civil service; for failure of recognizing that terrorism and despotism is the ultimate fountain of all evilness, would destroy one's ability to see through the nature of history. The later, the blind consequence would be severer. Despotism could only bring more terrible things for China.
So, does history favor individuals like me who have decisive characters, energy of will and clarity of mind? If by history we mean not the poetic stories of successful individuals but the total reality and its processes of human civilization, the answer must be a negative. History recorded the Declaration of Independence, but history didn't respect it at all. Everyone is born unfree and unequal, subjected to social and psychological distinctions. I creatively applied Stockholm Syndrome to societies: Freedom and equality are scorn enemies; those who are below average economic ability desire equality; those who are conscious about their superior ability desire freedom, and the more suppressed, the more likely to get Stockholm Syndrome; the superior, the abler to impose the syndrome to others. So religion is functioning and seemingly indispensable in every land and stage bringing supernatural comforts valued by millions of unhappy, suffering and bereaved souls as more precious than any natural aid.
So, does history support a belief in God? If by God we mean not the creative vitality of nature but a supreme being intelligent and benevolent, history would not justify a belief in him. The religions like Christianity assured their followers that the good spirit would win in the end; but of this consummate finale history offers no guarantee. Nature and history do not agree with our conceptions of good and bad; they define good as that which survives, and bad as that which crushed; one piece of truth I learned from my comprehensive survey on Roman history is that the universe has no prejudice in favor of Christ as against Genghis Khan.
Your letter about your thoughts on reason and faith inspired me so much, but eventually the horrible reality of my nation crushed my fantasy on Trinity. Like the moral development in Hellenist world had weakened the belief in quarrelsome and adulterous gods in the Olympus, the educated thoughts and Christian ethic slowly eroded Christian theology. To some sense, Jesus himself destroyed Jehovah. As for me, I believe in God not as a God of vengeance in the skies, but as the creative will and power of life in the world. I believe that there is a supreme power that guides our universe, though this supreme power is not the incarnated God who does not care at all about any individuals; also, I see that natural law (the universal truth and values) is functioning and shaping the process of human civilization, though the law often becomes oblivious to some crimes. So many times our human history has proved that moral disorder may generate religious revival; Chinese society under the Communist despotism, now at its nadir of moral disorder, will need religions, namely Christianity, to play salvific roles for restoring the ethic order. I am not trying to be pretentious or sanctimonious; I only obey the lessons of history and will do anything possible to tackle problems on the track of saving the nation. If I am not for a better nation, seriously, I am contented to live in solitude and think like Socrates. By now I cannot understand the dynamism how the natural law works, but I see no reconciliation is possible between philosophy (reasons/logics) and religion except through philosophers' recognition that no substitute is found for the moral function of religion.
Next semester, I will take a history-based course on Christianity and will read through the book you recommended: Religion-- if there is no God. One lesion of history is that religion has many lives, and a habit of resurrection; perhaps Christianity will resurrect again in my heart? The courses I am taking next semester are: ELEMENTARY LATIN I INTERMEDIATE MACROECONOMICS ANCIENT GREEK HIST, 800-146 BC CONTEMP WESTERN CIVILIZATION I CHRISTIANITY And I will also audit AMERICA SINCE 1945 given by Alan Brinkley--the provost of Columbia University and one of the best historians in his field. June 07 Constructing Love曾经我写给一位与我聊到个人情感问题的朋友的已做过隐私保护处理的回复。
A self-centered boy with little grasp of reality is unable to provide happiness and safety to you. I hope that you will not, again, blind yourself by an unexamined ruling "principle" that obscures your ability to determine intelligence from opinion.
Predicting a failure is the last thing I would do for you. But the difficulties that N and P had in the past are but the most recent and telling examples that suffices to show how hollow are promises and determinations to secure love with little preparation and spiritual maturity.
If you believe you gave your whole love to him, and if you wish you can spend the rest of your life with him, you need a vision that true love which based on raw love will not do; you two need time to think and learn and understand the most important theme that Jane Austin's book reveals:
“As in any good love story, the lovers must elude and overcome numerous stumbling blocks, beginning with the tensions caused by the lovers' own personal qualities. Yet with her central characters, Austen suggests that true love is a force separate from society and one that can conquer even the most difficult of circumstances.”
Love is a delicate plant that thrives only if the soil is carefully cultivated. For love to take root, there must be:
A; an excellent level of personal respect and appreciation B; strong tendency of pursuing intellectual excellence C; a considerable stock of life experience D; respect for each others’ cultural customs and religious belief E; economical and spiritual independence F; a rich fabric of contact with true friends and outside world
Once these are in place, constructing love requires:
1; both are able to challenge one’s own life without taking anything as granted 2; open and fair dialogues and conversations 3; separation and cooperation of various responsibility 4; little or no deceitfulness 5; protection of each others’ free will and interests
I know this is a great deal, but numerous stories have shown that less will not do.
When many of these factors are lacking, and when your friends and classmates are quick to declare victory of love and even hastily marry —especially as independence loom — they lower the definition of true love, pinning the label on whatever they have concocted. Independence is a frequent fixture of these sleight-of-hand love stories. Currently the discussion about the future of you and him is focused on whether respect and independence will lead to formation of your hearts’ reunion.
Our conversations disregarded the fact that neither will result in anything resembling love. At best, your hearts reunion will be a very unsteady coalition. One side, the J, is controlled by his extreme self-centeredness which already governed his mind, life and work, and the insane dynamics wants to control whatever is against him. Another side, YOU, is controlled by blindness and marvelous inability of logical reasoning which governed your interpersonal contacts and interactions with him and other people. Together, these control about 80 percent of your love affairs. If they work together, which would be no mean feat, it would be more like a coalition between the church and the mafia in old Sicily than anything resembling a love.
Assuming you two will not break up, a compelling level of continuing hurt must be expected, as we have seen in the past story of P's and already seen between you two. Although your temporary forbearance may not insist on introducing a “consultum ultimum” (a Latin word for “ultimate decree” I learned in Roman History class) to him based on life experience, it is likely for him to enforce various selfish concepts. We have seen this in the way N is treated in P’s past self-righteousness with its entirety of condemned blindness, despite what it says in his love letters that “you are the only best lover ever in my life that I swear to my heavenly god that you will feel no harm but happiness”. Other things, equally hopeless, are not likely to be respected any better for years to come if he sees no clearness, embraces no fundamental openness to challenge and exploration.
It is better if such a horrible man is not labeled “in love”, so that when he loses credibility, love’s name is not muddied. If we must label such an affair, “post-tyrannical” will do.
Your and his life and all other things concerned with love would be best served if you and your friends restrained your rhetoric, promised less and delivered more. The most that can be hoped for in the near future is to keep him from falling down, avoid self-abandon, stimulate his interests to the desire of self-driven intellectual excellence, and let him sort out what future life he is willing to embrace and strive for. Slowly, in time measured in years rather than months, he may well lay the foundation for a true love.
------------------------------------------ Kong, Lingxi
Columbia University 5262 Lerner Hall New York, NY 10027 June 04 基督教与天主教的不同The very insightful comparison between Protestantism and Catholicism made by Pastor Chen has inevitably come to the well-drawn conclusion that many rituals and beliefs of Catholicism are anti-Bible, anti-Christ. I would advice you keep reading it with unfailing skepticism as to reject any words as truism. It is condescending to underestimate any intelligent people in the past were ahead or behind of time, for almost any kind of conclusion can be drawn by a careful selection of instances from such indifferent richness of history, for no one man, however brilliant or well-informed, can come in one lifetime to such fullness of understanding as to safely judge and dismiss the customs or institution of a society/religion--for these are wisdom of generations after centuries of experiment in the laboratory of history. Reason and FaithDoubt is a necessary part of faith. The belief that God has a plan guiding the universe is an element of faith, not of philosophy, and therefore something for which there is no rational evidence, only intuitive "evidence" of a kind rationalists can easily attack but not silence. The fact that good people get crushed in the course of nature or of history (something that has always been perfectly clear to Jews and Christians) is the sort of "evidence" that appeals to anti-theist rationalists, but is of virtually no significance to someone radically oriented to the love of God. Suffering is a part of God's plan, for reasons we cannot ultimately understand. But it is only one of many things that we cannot ultimately understand -- probably because our minds are not adapted to understand them.
In the end, you have to believe either that reason is the final and total key to everything -- but with the consequence that the world, and reason itself, will seem "unreasonable" and ethics an empty game of words; or that HUMAN reason is a necessary but finally limited and inadequate guide to reality, and that our minds cannot get beyond it, except through intuitive possibilities that will never be open to rational proof or disproof. (We are more than our reason. The world is more than what our reason tells us it is.) The latter perception is the door to faith.
Faith and reason are both paths to "understanding" and to truth. They aren't a perfect fit, but by and large they do work well together. I think that both reason and faith are gifts of God and will ultimately be reconciled. Or to put it another way, anyone who honestly and wholeheartedly seeks the truth will find something worth knowing; in the end, by God's grace, he will be blessed with the discovery of the Truth, the transrational Reality, which emerges from the mystery of God the Holy Trinity. |
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